Abstract
The growth of AIV is possible with supply of minerals from aeolian desert dust, as cofactors of enzymes, and thus the blockage of the aeolian desert dusts to the poultry farmhouse is important to suppress the enzymatic activity of AIV. South Georgia of Subantarctic Islands may be the source of Continental AIV, so that Continental AIV can become endemic within the local bird population when surrounding environments are close to Subantarctica of South Georgia. There are food webs in sequence of aquatic virus, bacteria, phytoplankton, zooplankton, krill, fish and squid while penguins feed on the fish or squid infected by mutant virus to generate LPAI after an incubation period. When migratory birds move to the Continents, HPAI can spread in the Continents due to low UV-B radiation, enough feed of rice, wheat, corn, wetland, and mineral-enriched desert dust. The clean room is equipped with air washers to remove aeolian dusts and migratory birds feces from working personnel and equipments, heaters to keep the pasteurisation of ultra-high temperature at 135°C for 1 - 2 seconds to inactivate AIV, humidifier to keep wet state above 65% relative humidity for weak virus activity, and the UV-C lamps (254 nm) to finally inactivate AIV. Since AIV doesn’t like the high salinity and high relative humidity, seawater is blanketed as sprayer to maintain high salinity (>20 ppt) and high relative humidity (>65%) from the top to the bottom of the poultry farmhouses for suppression of AIV transmission from infected aeolian dust coming from outside.
Highlights
Avian influenza viruses (AIV) spread by a number of means including movement of live birds, movement of people and equipment, movement of poultry, contaminated poultry food or water, airborne spread, contaminated vaccines, and non-avian host [1]
The growth of AIV is possible with supply of minerals from aeolian desert dust, as cofactors of enzymes, and the blockage of the aeolian desert dusts to the poultry farmhouse is important to suppress the enzymatic activity of AIV
Since AIV doesn’t like the high salinity and high relative humidity, seawater is blanketed as sprayer to maintain high salinity (>20 ppt) and high relative humidity (>65%) from the top to the bottom of the poultry farmhouses for suppression of AIV transmission from infected aeolian dust coming from outside
Summary
Avian influenza viruses (AIV) spread by a number of means including movement of live birds, movement of people and equipment, movement of poultry, contaminated poultry food or water, airborne spread, contaminated vaccines, and non-avian host [1]. The transition from low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) to highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) was dependent upon environmental parameters such as host cell, wild bird, aeolian dust, mudfish, catfish, bullfrog, penguin, wetland, rice farmland, UV-B radiation, temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, poultry population, human population, algae, deep freezer in the Poles (−80 ̊C) for natural permanent storage of strains, cold freezer (−20 ̊C) and refrigerator (4 ̊C) for activation of frozen strains in Antarctic Peninsula, rice and wheat crop productions, prey-predator mechanism, mud soils, and October to December AIV persistence in waters. As birds, can have a weak immunity to the mutant virus due to a shortage of algae beneath the ice in winter, especially during the period of the minimal sunspot number with strong UV radiation and warm air surface temperature [4] Such a weak penguin infected by mutant virus can generate and hold LPAI to be transmitted to the Continents via migratory birds. The present study investigated the transmission and suppression of AIV with affecting parameters; enzymes, aeolian desert dust, reservoirs, relative humidity, salinity, UV radiation, aquatic microorganisms, temperature, and food webs
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