Abstract
BackgroundIn recent years, New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamases 1 (blaNDM-1) has been reported with increasing frequency and become prevalent. The present study was undertaken to investigate the epidemiological dissemination of the blaNDM-1 gene in Enterobacter cloacae isolates at a teaching hospital in Yunnan, China.MethodsAntimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using VITEK 2 system and E test gradient strips. The presence of integrons and insertion sequence common region 1 were examined by PCR and sequencing. Clonal relatedness was assessed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing. Conjugation experiments and Southern blot hybridization were performed to determine the transferability of plasmids.ResultsTen E. cloacae isolates and their Escherichia coli transconjugants were exhibited similar resistant patterns to carbapenems, cephalosporins and penicillins. 8 (80%) of E. cloacae isolates carried class 1 integron and 1 (12.5%) carried class 2 integron. Integron variable regions harbored the genes which encoded resistance to aminoglycosides (aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, aadB, aac(6′)-Ib-cr), sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (dfrA17, dfrA12, dfrA15) and Streptozotocin (sat2). Six E. cloacae isolates belonged to ST74 and exhibited highly similar PFGE patterns. Each isolate shared an identical plasmid with ~33.3 kb size that carried the blaNDM-1 gene, except T3 strain, of which the blaNDM-1 gene was located on a ~50 kb plasmid.ConclusionsOur findings suggested that plasmid was able to contribute to the dissemination of blaNDM-1. Hence, more attention should be devoted to monitor the dissemination of the blaNDM-1 gene due to its horizontal transfer via plasmid. In addition, nosocomial surveillance system should actively monitor the potential endemic clone of ST74 to prevent their further spread.
Highlights
In recent years, New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamases 1 has been reported with increasing frequency and become prevalent
More attention should be devoted to monitor the dissemination of the blaNDM-1 gene due to its horizontal transfer via plasmid
Bacterial strains In total, ten New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase 1 (NDM-1)-producing E. cloacae isolates were collected from hospitalized patients in the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University between June 2012 and January 2016
Summary
New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamases 1 (blaNDM-1) has been reported with increasing frequency and become prevalent. The present study was undertaken to investigate the epidemiological dissemination of the blaNDM-1 gene in Enterobacter cloacae isolates at a teaching hospital in Yunnan, China. ISCR elements can transpose adjacent DNA sequences by a process called rolling-circle replication, it is recognized as powerful antibiotic resistance gene capture systems and playing a major role in spread of antibiotic resistance genes. Whether these mobile elements mediate the dissemination of blaNDM-1 gene is still an unsolved mystery in the region. The aim of this study is to explore the epidemiological dissemination of the blaNDM-1 gene in E. cloacae isolates at a teaching hospital in Yunnan, China
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