Translocations of the little spotted kiwi (Apteryx owenii) between offshore islands of New Zealand

Abstract

Abstract The little spotted kiwi (Apteryx owenii) is probably extinct on both main islands of New Zealand. Its only known surviving population is on Kapiti Island (1,970 ha). Translocations to other offshore islands are seen as essential to the survival of the species. In this paper we discuss the criteria for assessment of islands for translocations, and the early results of two transfers. Only five of >700 known islands were identified as potentially suitable. None was greater than 500 ha in size. Between 1982 and 1989 little spotted kiwis were transferred to three islands, Long, Red Mercury, and Hen Is. All, or nearly all, of the transferred birds survived on Long and Red Mercury Islands and have since bred on both. The result of the transfer to Hen Island has yet to be determined. The limited potential carrying capacity of these islands for little spotted kiwis, and the need for a new transfer to a larger island, are discussed.