Translocation of chlorpyrifos residue from soil to Korean cabbage

Kyu-Won Hwang,Joon-Kwan Moon

doi:10.1007/s13765-017-0341-5

Abstract

The loss of residual chlorpyrifos in soil and the amount translocated to Korean cabbage were investigated in this study. Field trials with Korean cabbage were carried out in two greenhouses located in Yongin (Field 1) and Gwangju (Field 2). Soil and Korean cabbage samples were collected on different days following the treatment of soil with chlorpyrifos at two different rates. The initial amounts of residue in soil were 1.15 and 3.58 mg/kg, and these decreased to 0.22 and 0.49 mg/kg at 36 days after treatment (DAT) in Field 1. These values were 20.9 and 59.3 mg/kg, decreasing to 3.03 and 5.24 mg/kg at 43 DAT in Field 2, respectively. In Field 1, the half-life of chlorpyrifos was approximately 15.0 and 10.2 days in soil treated with 0.12 and 0.24 g a.i./m2, respectively. In Field 2, the half-life of chlorpyrifos was approximately 27.7 and 9.6 days following application of 0.36 and 0.72 g a.i./m2, respectively. When compared with the initial concentration in soil, the absorption ratio of chlorpyrifos residue to Korean cabbage was 0.93–6.01 and 0.57–2.61%, respectively. Therefore, safe management guidelines for chlorpyrifos in soil used to cultivate Korean cabbage may be suggested as 3.3 mg/kg regarding the maximum residue limit of chlorpyrifos on Korean cabbage (0.2 mg/kg).

Highlights

Pesticides are chemicals used to control pests such as fungi, insect, and weeds in order to increase crop productivity
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) prohibited the residential use of chlorpyrifos for the control of termites, and it use for the control of agricultural insects due to its harmful effects on human health [6]
We report a decline in chlorpyrifos residue in soils following treatment at different concentrations, and the levels of translocation to Korean cabbage grown in the treated soil in order to ensure the safety of Korean cabbage products

Summary

Introduction

Pesticides are chemicals used to control pests such as fungi, insect, and weeds in order to increase crop productivity. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) prohibited the residential use of chlorpyrifos for the control of termites, and it use for the control of agricultural insects due to its harmful effects on human health [6] This chemical is still used in Korea as a single or mixed product with bifenthrin, cypermethrin, a-cypermethrin, or imidacloprid to control mites, aphids, oriental tobacco budworms, apple leaf miners, and rice borers in rice, apple, tobacco, grape, pear, peach, spinach, cucumber, cabbage, and mandarin [7]. Compounds that were not registered on the detected crops were endosulfan, procymidone, and chlorpyrifos [10] These results may demonstrate the use of unregistered pesticides on crops or their translocation from pesticidecontaminated soil, since these are systemic chemicals [11]. We report a decline in chlorpyrifos residue in soils following treatment at different concentrations, and the levels of translocation to Korean cabbage grown in the treated soil in order to ensure the safety of Korean cabbage products

Materials and methods

Results and discussion

35 DAT 37 DAT 39 DAT 41 DAT 43 DAT