Abstract
Bacterial translocation is defined as the passage of viable enteric bacteria across the intestinal mucosal barrier to the mesenteric lymph nodes and distant organs. Three mechanisms have been suggested to explain the phenomenon: altered intestinal barrier function, bacterial overgrowth, and impaired host defense. In experimental approach, reduced blood flow in the gut, trauma, chronic inflammation or immunosuppression are conditions that enhance bacterial translocation. In humans, bacterial translocation from the intestinal lumen has been demonstrated and some related infections have been identified. However, no data have confirmed the ˈintestinal hypothesisˈ which implicates the bacterial translocation in the systemic inflammatory response syndrome or in the multivisceral organ failure syndrome. Some nutritional variations may experimentally modify the incidence of bacterial translocations and are therefore proposed to clinicians.
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