Transliteration of Greek to Latin in the Formation of Names of Zoological Taxa

Abstract

MOST of names of taxa of animals are derived from Greek, as are also many of specific (trivial) and subspecific names. Under Zoological Rules Greek words are to be transliterated and treated as Latin words. Throughout history of modern zoology there has been tacit assumption that precedent as established by Latins should be followed in such transliteration. Linnaeus himself stated that when Greek names are transliterated into Latin the equivalents used by Romans from all time must be adopted in representing Greek letters. He twice outlined in part classic rules and gave examples of good form. However, an examination of names of taxa proposed in zoology shows that in practice there exist variations in transliteration that have led to confusion. Proposed here is correction and emendation of current outlined schema appended to Zoological Rules of for transliteration of Greek words into Latin form suitable for use in formation of names of taxa in zoology. Directives and a tabulation for such transliterations have been published in connection with several editions and reprintings of Zoological Rules, as in Smallwood mimeographed International Rules of Nomenclature (1915), Proceedings of Biological Society of Washington (1926), Schenck and McMaster's Procedure in Taxonomy (1948 revision), and Follett's Unofficial Interpretation (1955). Apparently, this tabulation (after revision?) is to be included in Second Schedule (formerly Appendix) of revised Rules. This formulation has evidently been used with succeeding editions without careful scrutiny. When examined it is found in several particulars to be incorrect, misleading, and inadequate. It is assumed to be a guide to classical usage in GreekLatin transliteration. An analysis of errors and omissions of present Schedule is not necessary here. Instead following emended tabulation is proposed for consideration for inclusion as a replacement in forthcoming Second Schedule of Rules. It is believed to be much more inclusive than previously published tabulation, to have eliminated certain errors, and to represent classical usage. It should be scrutinized by those who have both classical and biological training, and, when suitably emended, considered for approval for guidance of zoological nomenclators and taxonomists.