Translational prediction of first-in-human pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of janagliflozin, a selective SGLT2 inhibitor, using allometric scaling, dedrick and PK/PD modeling methods

Abstract

AimJanagliflozin is an orally selective SGLT2 inhibitor. To predict human pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) characteristics of janagliflozin. To design optimal starting dose and effective dose for janagliflozin first-in-human (FIH) study. MethodsAnimal PK/PD properties of janagliflozin were obtained from preclinical in vivo and in vitro study. Pharmacologically effective level of same class SGLT2 inhibitors were assessed through preclinical and clinical efficacy data of dapagliflozin, empagliflozin and canagliflozin. Human PK parameters and profiles of janagliflozin were predicted by various methods such as allometric scaling (AS), dedrick and PK/PD modeling analysis. Mechanistic PK/PD model was developed to describe janagliflozin-mediated impact on urinary glucose excretion (UGE). Human IC50 was scaled from rat model-estimated IC50 by correcting interspecies difference of in vitro IC50 and plasma fu of rat and human. The quantitative PK/PD prediction of janagliflozin was evaluated via observed PK/PD profiles of healthy subjects. Predicted PK/PD characteristics of janagliflozin were applied in FIH dose design. Optimal starting dose was suggested by considering preclinical PD and toxicity data of janagliflozin. Effective dose was suggested by considering pharmacologically effective level of same class drugs. ResultsPK/PD characteristics of janagliflozin in preclinical species were summarized. Pharmacologically effective level for SGLT2 inhibitors was defined as 25~30% ΔUGE (ΔUGE=−−(PG*GFR)within24h) based on efficacy data of three same class drugs. Human predicted CL, Vss and F were 1.04 L/h, 77.5 L and 0.80. Predicted AUC and Cmax of janagliflozin of 10 and 50 mg were within 0.47~2.08 fold of observed values. Predicted human UGE0-24 h and UGE0-144 h of 10 and 50 mg dose range were within 0.66~1.41 fold of observed values. Optimal starting dose and pharmacologically active dose (PAD) were suggested as 10 mg and 50 mg. Dose range for FIH study was designed as 10–450 mg. ConclusionsThis study predicted human PK/PD characteristics of janagliflozin based on preclinical data and provide optimal dose design for janagliflozin FIH study based on pharmacologically effective level of same class drugs.