Abstract
Key messageGroundnut has entered now in post-genome era enriched with optimum genomic and genetic resources to facilitate faster trait dissection, gene discovery and accelerated genetic improvement for developing climate-smart varieties.Cultivated groundnut or peanut (Arachis hypogaea), an allopolyploid oilseed crop with a large and complex genome, is one of the most nutritious food. This crop is grown in more than 100 countries, and the low productivity has remained the biggest challenge in the semiarid tropics. Recently, the groundnut research community has witnessed fast progress and achieved several key milestones in genomics research including genome sequence assemblies of wild diploid progenitors, wild tetraploid and both the subspecies of cultivated tetraploids, resequencing of diverse germplasm lines, genome-wide transcriptome atlas and cost-effective high and low-density genotyping assays. These genomic resources have enabled high-resolution trait mapping by using germplasm diversity panels and multi-parent genetic populations leading to precise gene discovery and diagnostic marker development. Furthermore, development and deployment of diagnostic markers have facilitated screening early generation populations as well as marker-assisted backcrossing breeding leading to development and commercialization of some molecular breeding products in groundnut. Several new genomics applications/technologies such as genomic selection, speed breeding, mid-density genotyping assay and genome editing are in pipeline. The integration of these new technologies hold great promise for developing climate-smart, high yielding and more nutritious groundnut varieties in the post-genome era.
Highlights
Groundnut or peanut (Arachis hypogaea) is one of the most nutritious oilseed and legume crop, grown in > 100 countries of tropics and subtropics regions of the world
We have summarized the genomics-assisted breeding (GAB) in groundnut under following three subheads, i.e., Marker-assisted selection (MAS)/marker-assisted backcrossing (MABC) efforts, genomic selection (GS) initiative and molecular breeding products in farmers’ field (Table 3)
Four high oleic varieties with more than 80% oleic acid derived from Minhua 6 and three from Minhua 8 were bred with better agronomic traits of yield performance, quality and/or resistance
Summary
Groundnut or peanut (Arachis hypogaea) is one of the most nutritious oilseed and legume crop, grown in > 100 countries of tropics and subtropics regions of the world. The groundnut research community has developed these genomic resources and high-resolution genetic populations in a very short time over recent years. In USA, a MAGIC population was developed from eight founders: SunOleic 97R, NC94022, Tifrunner, GT-C20, Florida 07, SPT06-06, Georgia 13 M and TifNV-High O/L These parental selections were based on the availability of genetic and genomic information to maximize genetic diversity while meeting practical breeding objectives including high oleic content (Guo et al 2018). The variety ‘Shitouqi’ is well known Chinese landrace, while the genotype ‘Fuhuasheng’ is a landrace from North China All these reference genomes provide an array of opportunities for conducting precise studies for understanding the structure and function of the genome and genes that control key agronomic, stress (biotic and abiotic), yield, nutritional and quality features of the cultivated groundnut. The genome sequence can be used as reference genome for
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