Translation, validation and cultural adaptation of “The Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire-7” (ETDQ-7) to Brazilian Portuguese (BR)

Fernanda Pires Gallardo,Ektor Tsuneo Onishi,Francisco Iure Lira,Flávia Barros Suzuki,José Ricardo Gurgel Testa

doi:10.1016/j.bjorl.2018.03.010

Fernanda Pires Gallardo, Ektor Tsuneo Onishi + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjorl.2018.03.010

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Abstract

IntroductionChronic Eustachian tube dysfunction can cause several symptoms and middle ear conditions that can impact patient quality of life. It is estimated to be relatively frequent, affecting approximately 5% of adults. The diagnostic tools for this condition are still inadequate. In 2012, McCoul et al. published a questionnaire for the evaluation of Eustachian tube dysfunction named ETDQ-7. They established its replicability and validity. The cutoff point for the diagnosis of chronic Eustachian tube dysfunction was equal to or greater than 14.5, with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity. ObjectiveTo translate, adapt and validate the ETDQ-7 questionnaire to Brazilian Portuguese. MethodsWe translated the questionnaire into Brazilian Portuguese and applied it to 50 patients, 20 of whom had chronic Eustachian tube dysfunction, and 30 controls. ResultsThe results obtained with the North-American questionnaire were confirmed in its Brazilian version. The cut-off point for the diagnosis of chronic Eustachian tube dysfunction was ≥14, also exhibiting high sensitivity and specificity, very similar to that of ETDQ-7. ConclusionIt is recommended that ETDQ-7 be used to complement the clinical history of patients with chronic Eustachian tube dysfunction; it can also be used as an important tool for diagnosis, patient follow-up and treatment management.

Highlights

The middle ear is an aerated cavity within the petrous portion of the temporal bone, that is periodically ventilated when the Eustachian Tube (ET) opens
Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) exists when there is a failure in the tubal mechanism to open or close properly, leading to Middle Ear (ME) pressure deregulation, nasopharyngeal secretion reflux into the tympanic cavity and impairment of drainage of ME contents into the nasopharynx.[4]
This project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) --- Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM) under number 1690/2016, and the Free and Informed Consent Form (FICF) was obtained, which was written utilizing understandable and objective language and signed by all participants involved in the study

Summary

Introduction

The middle ear is an aerated cavity within the petrous portion of the temporal bone, that is periodically ventilated when the Eustachian Tube (ET) opens. The ET is situated between the nasopharynx and the Middle Ear (ME). Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) exists when there is a failure in the tubal mechanism to open or close properly, leading to ME pressure deregulation, nasopharyngeal secretion reflux into the tympanic cavity and impairment of drainage of ME contents into the nasopharynx.[4] This dysfunction can cause several otologic pathologic processes, leading to symptoms such as otalgia, aural fullness or sensation of pressure in the ears, hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo, and imbalance, and others.4---6

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