Abstract
Background: X-linked dystonia parkinsonism (XDP) is a neurodegenerative disease endemic to Filipinos with maternal lineage from Panay Island, Philippines. Patients present with dystonia concurrent with or followed by parkinsonism. Non-motor symptoms also predominate, affecting behavior and cognition. We aimed to translate and do cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Tool (MoCA) into Hiligaynon (MoCA-Hil), the language spoken in Panay Island, to perform baseline cognitive screening of XDP patients.Methods: Forward translation to Hiligaynon was done by two translators, then back translation of a single version was adapted and approved by a committee. A pilot testing was done yielding the final translated version, which was then tested on 46 XDP patients. The test-retest reliability was measured for 11 patients. The XDP-MDSP (Movement Disorder Society of the Philippines) rating scale was used to assess disease severity.Results: The MoCA-Hil showed an acceptable test-retest reliability [intraclass correlation (ICC) 0.74] and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha 0.86 at baseline, 0.81 at 12 weeks). The two subscales with low ICC at 0.09 and 0.21 were delayed recall and orientation, respectively.Conclusion: Translation, cultural adaptation and validation of the MoCA to Hiligaynon was successfully done. This tool may now be used in clinical practice and in research for Hiligaynon-speaking subjects.
Highlights
X-linked dystonia parkinsonism (XDP) is a degenerative neurologic disease endemic to Filipinos whose maternal lineage is from the provinces of Capiz, Iloilo, Aklan, and Antique in Panay Island, Philippines
For the pre-test and validation, a consecutive sample of 46 genetically confirmed XDP patients hailing from or with roots traced to Panay Island were recruited
The medications used was summarized, as well as the number of those who underwent deep brain stimulation. These baseline characteristics (Table 2) were noted in order to assimilate their performance in the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Tool (MoCA) test with possible confounding factors not directly related to their level of cognition
Summary
X-linked dystonia parkinsonism (XDP) is a degenerative neurologic disease endemic to Filipinos whose maternal lineage is from the provinces of Capiz, Iloilo, Aklan, and Antique in Panay Island, Philippines. A review of limited available data showed that 76% of patients had impairments in the frontal lobe functions of abstract thinking and motor planning/executive control [4]. Mood disorders, such as depression and anxiety, were observed among XDP patients. X-linked dystonia parkinsonism (XDP) is a neurodegenerative disease endemic to Filipinos with maternal lineage from Panay Island, Philippines. We aimed to translate and do cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Tool (MoCA) into Hiligaynon (MoCA-Hil), the language spoken in Panay Island, to perform baseline cognitive screening of XDP patients
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