Translation and Validation of the Kannada Version of the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire

Abstract

Background: The Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ) is used to evaluate the self-reported impact of dental esthetics on quality of life of adolescents. Aim: PIDAQ was not available in Kannada. Prompted by the importance that this type of questionnaire has acquired, this study aimed to translate the original English version of PIDAQ into Kannada and to assess the validity and reliability of the translated Kannada version in order to provide a theoretical basis for further application in Kannada-speaking adolescents. Materials and Methods: A school-based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 13–19-year-old adolescents. The study was conducted on a pilot sample (n = 20), and a final study sample (n = 92) was selected conveniently from five different higher secondary schools in Mangalore. PIDAQ was given. Dental esthetics was assessed using the Aesthetic Component of Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need and the Dental Aesthetic Index. Internal consistency was measured using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Construct validity was studied by carrying out factor analysis. Test–retest reliability was tested using intra-class correlation coefficient. Results: The Kannada PIDAQ showed good reliability with Cronbach’s alpha of 0.832 and overall test–retest reliability ranging from 0.723 to 0.980. The construct validity was good with formation of two new domains “Self-consciousness” and “Aspiration.” Conclusion: The good validity and reliability of Kannada PIDAQ make it a suitable tool for assessment of the psychosocial impact of dental esthetics among adolescents who are fluent in reading, writing, and understanding Kannada.