Translation and cultural adaptation of the Illness Invalidation Inventory for use in Sweden.

Pirjo Järemo,Maria Arman

doi:10.1186/s40359-014-0057-9

Abstract

BackgroundThis study describes the translation and cultural adaptation procedure and guidelines for the Illness Invalidation Inventory for use in Sweden. Invalidation includes responses to negative social interactions and to the lack of positive social interactions, responses that can negatively affect health and suffering. Although invalidation is a recognized phenomenon, in Sweden no instruments exist that describe and measure invalidation. To this end, this study evaluates the translation and adaptation of the Illness Invalidation Inventory as an instrument for measuring invalidation in a Swedish context.MethodsInternationally recognized ten-step guidelines were used. Both forward and back translations were performed. Patients from a patient organization for chronic pain were recruited and cognitive interviews were performed using concurrent think aloud protocols, probing techniques and observations of behaviour. Analysis of data collected from cognitive interviews was inspired by the generic response model and a centralized review procedure and thorough documentation was emphasized.ResultsAlthough difficulties regarding concepts were found, these issues were solved during the process. The Swedish version contains the same number of items as the original questionnaire. Four of eight items required revision after cognitive interviews.ConclusionsThe study highlights the importance of using guidelines to produce translations and to ensure validity and results. The results indicate that the Illness Invalidation Inventory can be used in Sweden to measure invalidation.

Highlights

IntroductionInvalidation is a recognized phenomenon, in Sweden no instruments exist that describe and measure invalidation
This study describes the translation and cultural adaptation procedure and guidelines for the Illness Invalidation Inventory for use in Sweden
In an earlier study exploring patients’ beliefs about their illness, we found that patients had experienced offensive and degrading treatment both in their private life and in their contact with authorities (Jaremo and Arman 2011). Wanting to measure these experiences, we found only one questionnaire that measures invalidation emanating from different sources – the Illness Invalidation Inventory (Kool et al 2010)

Summary

Introduction

Invalidation is a recognized phenomenon, in Sweden no instruments exist that describe and measure invalidation To this end, this study evaluates the translation and adaptation of the Illness Invalidation Inventory as an instrument for measuring invalidation in a Swedish context. In an earlier study exploring patients’ beliefs about their illness, we found that patients had experienced offensive and degrading treatment both in their private life and in their contact with authorities (Jaremo and Arman 2011). Wanting to measure these experiences, we found only one questionnaire that measures invalidation emanating from different sources – the Illness Invalidation Inventory (Kool et al 2010). Wanting to measure these experiences, we found only one questionnaire that measures invalidation emanating from different sources – the Illness Invalidation Inventory (Kool et al 2010). Kool et al (2009) identified the definition and structure of invalidation perceived by patients with rheumatic diseases as experiences of active negative social responses and as lack of positive social responses

Results

Discussion

Conclusion