Translation and Cross-cultural Adaptation and Version of the Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-Patella (VISA-P) Scale to Turkish

Abstract

Purpose:It is important to objectively measure symptoms and functional limitations related to patellar tendinopathy using outcome measures that have been validated in the language of the target population. Cross-cultural adaptations are also useful to enhance the understanding of the measurement properties of an assessment tool, regardless of the target language. The aim of the study to translate and adapt the Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-Patella (VISA-P) questionnaire to Turkish.Methods:The translation and cultural adaptation were performed according to international recommendations. In the first stage, 2 Turkish individuals with a good command of English were responsible for the literal and conceptual translation of the VISA-P. The informed translator was a physical therapist, and the uninformed translator was a teacher. Both translators were fluent in English and spoke Turkish as their mother tongue. The translations were completed independently. In the second stage, both translations were compared and reviewed by a bilingual individual who highlighted any conceptual errors or inconsistencies in the translations to establish the first Turkish translation. In the third stage, after the first Turkish translation was agreed upon, 2 native English speakers with a good command of Turkish separately translated the finalized Turkish translation back into English. In the fourth stage, the back-translated version of the VISA-P was compared to the initial English version of the VISA-P. The committee evaluated the 4 translations and compared the discrepancies. After discussing the discrepancies, the committee finalized and approved the Turkish version of the VISA-P. In the final stage, prelimi-nary testing was performed. with 22 patients and 40 healthy participants to determine comprehension of the Turkish version.Results:Preliminary testing was conducted on 22 patients (12 male, mean ± SD age, 27.5 ± 6.6 years) who fulfilled the eligibility criteria and 40 healthy participants (30 male, mean ± SD age, 25.7 ± 4.9 years) of the study to determine comprehension of the Turkish version. The patients and healthy participants did not report any difficulties of the understanding of the questions.Conclusion:The VISA-P was translated and adapted to the Turkish language and can be used in clinical evaluation on the patellar tendinopathy. Additional studies are underway with the objective of evaluating the reproducibility and validity of the Turkish translation.