Translation and adaptation into Brazilian Portuguese and investigation of the psychometric properties of the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ-BR)

Abstract

ObjectivesTo translate to Brazilian Portuguese, culturally adapt and confirm the psychometric parameters of validity and reliability of the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ-BR) in children. MethodsA sample of 314 typically developing children, 51% girls, mean age 7.12 years (SD = 2.04 years) were assessed, comprising 227 from São Paulo and 87 from the Amazon region. Translation, back translation, cultural adaptation, a pilot study and item review were carried out, yielding the final version of the CSHQ. Psychometric parameters were determined based on content validity coefficient (CVC), test-retest, internal consistency, evidence of convergent validity and internal structure. ResultsThe final CVC for the scale was 0.88. Intraclass correlation was 0.98 for the overall questionnaire and ranged from 0.88 to 0.98 for subscales. CSHQ-BR internal consistency was α = 0.81 for the CSHQ-BR total score (95% CI) and from 0.51 to 0.75 for subscales. Exploratory factor analysis suggested a novel 4-factor structure. A positive correlation was found between the CSHQ and the Questionnaire on Sleep Behavior. Mean total CSHQ score in Brazilian children was 46.85 (SD = 9.43), and boys had a higher mean total score than girls, although not statistically significant. ConclusionThe CSHQ-BR exhibited satisfactory equivalence for the original English abbreviated form and the Brazilian Portuguese version, proving a useful sleep screening instrument for identifying sleep problems in Brazilian children aged 4–10 years.