Translating research into the field: how it started, how it is practised and how we carry out grape powdery mildew research

Abstract

The idea of providing technical assistance to farmers in the United States had its origins in the mid 19th century as universities became more egalitarian. Some, including Professor Liberty Hyde Bailey at Cornell University, promoted the need for rural development and created the idea of extension — taking the research results to the farmer. Today the Cooperative Extension Service flourishes and there remains a strong demand for mission-oriented research with the accompanying need to translate those findings into practice for agricultural industries. A research program on grapevine powdery mildew is examined as a model for addressing management challenges faced by growers. The research was carried out systematically; each project was designed to answer specific questions and thereby contribute to the overall goal of improved disease management. Engagement with growers occurred through formal extension programs, annual presentations of the research to growers and industry grant review panels, and more general interactions at events, meetings, expositions, and through surveys. Translation of researchfindings is a fundamental component of mission-oriented research programs; it serves to keep the program grounded, allows one to see the big picture, keeps the program focussed on solving problems that are relevant to stakeholders, fosters collaboration, and provides broad training for the next generation of scientists. It is our opinion that it also fosters creativity and excellence in research and education if scientists are sincerely committed to a mission of finding solutions to some of the most difficult disease management problems facing their stakeholders.