Translating preclinical models of alcohol seeking and consumption into the human laboratory using intravenous alcohol self-administration paradigms.

Abstract

Preclinical models of alcohol use disorder (AUD) have advanced theoretical, mechanistic, and pharmacological study of the human condition. "Liking" and "wanting" behaviors reflect core processes underlying several models of AUD. However, the development and application of translational models of these preclinical approaches are at an incipient stage. The goal of this study was to examine how intravenous free-access and progressive-ratio, operant-response human alcohol self-administration paradigms can be used as translational human model parallels of preclinical "liking" and "wanting." Participants were 40 adults (mean age=23.7, SD=2.0; 45% female) of European descent who reported 12.6 drinking days (SD=5.2) out of the previous 30 (average=4.1 drinks per drinking day [SD=1.7]). Individuals diverged in their alcohol self-administration behavior, such that free-access and progressive-ratio paradigm outcomes were not significantly correlated (p=0.44). Free-access alcohol seeking was related to enjoying alcohol (p<0.001), but not craving (p=0.48), whereas progressive-ratio seeking at similar levels of alcohol exposure was related to craving (p=0.02), but not enjoying (p=0.30). Family history of alcoholism, venturesomeness traits, and disinhibition traits were unrelated (ps>0.70) to preferred level of breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) in the free-access session, a measure of liking alcohol. Family history of alcoholism, disinhibition traits, and recent drinking history were significantly related (ps<0.05) to alcohol seeking in the progressive-ratio paradigm, a measure of wanting alcohol. We conclude that intravenous alcohol self-administration paradigms show promise in modeling behaviors that characterize and parallel alcohol "liking" and "wanting" in preclinical models. These paradigms provide a translational link between preclinical methods and clinical trials.