Abstract
A 12-year-old male English Pointer was examined due to a soft-tissue swelling at the medial canthus of the right orbital region, which was causing facial deformity. The dog had epiphora, purulent nasal discharge, epistaxis, dyspnea, and progressive weight loss. An intraoral mass was observed near the right maxillary premolars. Neoplastic disease was diagnosed based on ancillary tests, which included blood work, skull and intraoral radiographs, ocular ultrasonography and computed tomography. Histopathology revealed transitional carcinoma involving the nasal and oral cavities, maxilla, bony orbit and retrobulbar space. Nasal tumors represent approximately 2% of all tumors diagnosed in this species. Transitional carcinoma is the second most common type of malignant epithelial tumor in the nasal sinuses. This case illustrates the extensive destruction of the soft and bony tissues of the face, including the bony orbit that this type of tumor can cause.
Highlights
Nasal tumors are infrequently reported in small domestic animals (Wilson and Dungeword, 2002; Correa et al, 2003; Lopez, 2007) and represent approximately 2% of all tumors in dogs and 1% in cats
Transitional carcinoma of the respiratory epithelium is infrequently reported in dogs (Patnaik, 1989; Wilson and Dungeword, 2002; Lopez, 2007)
The term transitional carcinoma is recommended by the World Health Organization for this kind of tumor in dogs (Dungworth et al, 1999), despite sometimes being reported as respiratory epithelial carcinoma, non-keratinizing squamous cell tumor or undifferentiated carcinoma (Dungworth et al, 1999; Wilson and Dungword, 2002; Caswell and Williams, 2007)
Summary
Nasal tumors are infrequently reported in small domestic animals (Wilson and Dungeword, 2002; Correa et al, 2003; Lopez, 2007) and represent approximately 2% of all tumors in dogs and 1% in cats. About 80% of all nasal tumors in dogs are malignant, with 60-75% of malignant intranasal tumors being of epithelial origin (Legendre, 1983; Mukaratirwa et al, 2001; Morrison, 2002; Wilson and Dungeword, 2002). Due to the proximity to the base of the skull, the brain and the bony orbit, these carcinomas represent a therapeutic challenge (Katz et al, 2002; Khademi et al, 2009). This case report describes clinical and pathologic findings in a dog with nasal transitional carcinoma extensively invading the bony orbit, retrobulbar space, maxilla and oral cavity. Due to extensive tissue destruction that this type of tumor can cause, it should be included in the list of possible neoplastic disease affecting the retrobulbar space and bony orbit in this species
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