Transition to University under Communism and after Its Demise. The Role of Socio-economic Background in the Transition between Secondary and Tertiary Education in the Czech Republic 1948-1998

Abstract

The aim of this study is to assess the most recent trend in inequality in access to tertiary education in the Czech Republic. The authors put forward the hypothesis claiming that the period of stable inequalities in the years 1948–89 was followed by a period of growing inequalities during the post-communist transformation (1989–1999). The study focuses primarily on the cultural and socio-economic (class) dimensions of social origin and gender and their net effect on success in the transition between secondary and tertiary education. Theoretically the paper draws primarily on the work of Raftery and Hout [1996], Hanley and McKeever [1997], who claim that the chances of attaining higher education among individuals from families with a low social status can only increase on the condition that the demand for the given level of education has first of all been satiated among all the strata disposing of social and cultural capital. Another important theory they build on is the theory of rational action proposed by John Goldthorpe and Richard Breen [Goldthorpe 1996, Breen and Goldthorpe 1997]. The principal hypothesis (inequality has grown) is tested using log-linear analysis applied on the data from various surveys carried out between 1998–2000, merged into one data set. The authors construct several models of the influence of social origin on the chances of making a successful transition between secondary and tertiary education in the years between 1948 and 1999. The initial hypothesis of the growing effect of class origin on this transition in the period after 1989 has been confirmed. One of the strongest explanations for this trend is the insufficient expansion of the tertiary sector of education, which is incapable of satisfying the continually growing aspiration and corresponding demand for higher education in circumstances where socio-economic inequalities are on the rise. Sociologický casopis/Czech Sociological Review, 2003, Vol. 39, No. 3: 301–324 301 *** The core institutional support for this research was provided by the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic (Grant # 403/03/30: Economic, Social and Cultural Sources of the Reproduction of Educational Inequality and Success on the Labour Market). *** The participation of Petr Matějů in this research was also supported by the grant from the CERGE-EI Foundation under a programme of the Global Development Network. All opinions expressed are those of the author(s), and have not been endorsed by CERGE-EI, WIIW, or the GDN. *** Direct all correspondence to: Doc. PhDr. Petr Matějů, PhD., Institute of Sociology, Jilska 1, 100 00 Prague 1, Czech Republic, e-mail: mateju @soc.cas.cz © Institute of Sociology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 2003 ARTICLES