Transition of visceral adiposity index and risk of cardiovascular disease in middle-aged and older Chinese adults

Abstract

Objective: Visceral obesity and the lifetime risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) have received increasing attention. However, the relationship between dynamic changes in visceral obesity and CVD has not been studied. We aimed to determine the association of visceral adiposity index (VAI) transition with CVD risk. Methods: A total of 5395 participants were recruited in 2011–2012 and followed up until 2018 from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. The cut-off value of the VAI was obtained by the receiver-operating characteristic curve. Participants were grouped based on VAI change patterns during the follow-up period (2011—2015): the low-low group, low-high group, high-low group, and high-high group. CVD was defined as a medical diagnosis of heart disease and/or stroke. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the correlation between VAI transition and CVD. Results: Over a median follow-up period of 7 years, 969 participants (17.9 %) developed CVD. VAI change patterns were significantly associated with CVD risk after adjustment for demographic characteristics and risk factors. The high-high group (hazard ratio (HR): 1.65, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.39—1.97) and the low-high group (HR: 1.29, 95 % CI: 1.04—1.61) were associated with a higher risk of CVD after adjusting for demographic characteristics and traditional risk factors compared to the low-low group, while the effect in the high-low group was not significant. Conclusions: VAI transition was significantly associated with the risk of CVD. Monitoring the dynamics of the VAI in public health practice would help prevent CVD.