Transition of Plugging Failure Modes for Ductile Metal Plates Under Impact by Flat-Nosed Projectiles#

Abstract

This article deals with the perforation of ductile metal plates subjected to impact by flat-nosed projectiles at normal incidence. Generally speaking, ductile metal plates under impact by flat-ended missiles can fail either by global deformation combined with local shear rupture or by localized adiabatic shear plugging depending upon the geometrical and thermo-mechanical properties of both the targets and the projectiles. Modification is first made to the Bai–Johnson model for adiabatic shear plugging by taking account of strain rate effects using a thermo-viscoplastic constitutive equation instead of thermo-plastic material model and equations for the energy dissipated in the perforation process (perforation energy), the ballistic limit and the residual velocity are then obtained. Furthermore, a critical condition is obtained for differentiating localized adiabatic shear plugging from simple shear plugging failure with global deformations by comparing the modified Bai–Johnson model and the Wen–Jones model. It transpires that the present theoretical predictions are in good agreement with available experimental data in terms of the ballistic limits and the critical transition condition for the modes of plugging failure of ductile metal plates subjected to impact by flat-nosed missiles. It also transpires that the present model predicts well the residual velocities and the energies dissipated in the perforation process.