Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed reactions are generally used for carbon-carbon bond formation on pyrazines and include, but are not limited to, classical palladium-catalyzed reactions like Sonogashira, Heck, Suzuki, and Stille reactions. Also a few examples of carbon-heteroatom bond formation in pyrazines are known. This perspective reviews recent progress in the field of transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions on pyrazine systems. It deals with the most important C-C- and C-X-bond formation methodologies.
Highlights
Transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions are a wellestablished tool for carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom bond formation.[1–3] most of the publications focus on the development of novel, more efficient catalysts relative to existing methods
Pyrazines represent an important class of heterocyclic compounds, since the pyrazine scaffold is found in many vital pharmaceuticals[6,7] and biologically active compounds.[8]
One of the very first examples of a Suzuki coupling performed on halogenated pyrazines was published by McKillop et al.,[16] who successfully attempted the coupling of chloropyrazine with aryl boronic acids (Scheme 1) using conventional palladium–phosphine catalysts in good to excellent yields
Summary
Transition metal-catalyzed reactions are generally used for carbon–carbon bond formation on pyrazines and include, but are not limited to, classical palladium-catalyzed reactions like Sonogashira, Heck, Suzuki, and Stille reactions. A few examples of carbon–heteroatom bond formation in pyrazines are known. This perspective reviews recent progress in the field of transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions on pyrazine systems. It deals with the most important C–C- and C–X-bond formation methodologies
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