Transition-metal-free BF₃-mediated oxidative and non-oxidative cross-coupling of pyridines.

Abstract

We report a BF3-mediated direct alkynylation of pyridines at C(2) by using a variety of alkynyllithium reagents (oxidative cross-coupling). Moreover, we have developed a novel transition-metal-free cross-coupling method between alkylmagnesium reagents and 4-substituted pyridines, such as isonicotinonitrile and 4-chloropyridine, by employing BF3⋅OEt2 as a promoter. The combination of these methods enabled us to efficiently prepare a range of di-, tri-, and tetrasubstituted pyridines.