Abstract
Transition metal carbide (TMC) catalysts, due to their noble metal like characteristics,have emerged as potential candidates for the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of biomass derived species, including the pyrolysis product bio-oil. However, the selectivity for deoxygenation, excessive hydrogenation and stability under operating conditions,remain as key challenges. Hence, this paper presents a comprehensive review of the state of the art with regard to (i) the preparation and structure of TMCs, (ii) characterization of active sites on TMCs and (iii) fundamental knowledge of the reaction mechanisms/pathways and associated energetics of HDO of model compounds which are present in biomass derived bio-oil. We believe that this fundamental knowledge will greatly assist researchers to systematically modify the composition and structure of TMCs to optimize their HDO performance.
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