Transition-metal acceptor complexes in zinc oxide

Abstract

The incorporation of hydrogen shallow donors gives rise to ${\text{Mn}}^{2+}$ fine and hyperfine lines in the electron paramagnetic resonance of ZnO. This cannot be explained by recharging of isolated Mn atoms. First-principles density functional calculations reveal that transition metals readily form complexes with acceptors by a charge-transfer process or by bond formation. This mechanism has implications on both complex partners. Acceptors are neutralized and uncommon charge states of the transition metals are stabilized. Implications for dilute magnetic ZnO are discussed.