Abstract
ObjectivesConsidering the increase in the non-communicable diseases associated with tobacco use in recent decades in Iran, it is necessary to have a general view of the current condition. This study aimed to identify factors associated with tobacco use and to estimate the probability of a 5-year transition in the stages of tobacco use in an adult population.MethodsIn this study, 5190 people in the 40–64-year-old population of Shahroud (North East of Iran) were interviewed in 2009 and 2014 on tobacco smoking. The association of independent variables with tobacco smoking was evaluated using the population-averaged logit model. We calculated smoking transition probabilities from non-smoking to current smoking and past-smoking stages during a 5-year span.ResultsThe prevalence of current tobacco smoking in 40–69-years age group was 11.1% (95% CI 10.3–12.0), 1% among women (95% CI 0.8–1.3) and 25.6% among men (95% CI 23.7–27.6). During this 5-year period, the probability of transition of a non-smoker to an overall current tobacco smoker was 2.3%. Meanwhile, 18.5% of the overall current tobacco smokers had changed into past smokers. Unemployed (OR = 2), male gender (OR = 53.9), widow/widowers (OR = 5.4), divorces (OR = 3.3), and high economic status (OR = 1.2) are associated to tobacco smoking.ConclusionsCompared with the other studies, the prevalence of tobacco use in this population is low but transition rate of non-smokers into current smokers or past smokers is high. Conducting interventions on determinants of starting and quitting smoking and education and awareness raising on the risk and harms of smoking seems necessary.
Highlights
Tobacco smoking, after hypertension, along with high blood sugar level, overweight, and a sedentary lifestyle, is among the main risk factors of death in the world
As the World Health Organization (WHO) reports, tobacco use is increasing in countries with low and middle income and in high-income and developed countries, it is slowly declining with a constant slope [1, 2]
The results of this table show that with the rising of age until the early 60s, prevalence of current tobacco smoking is increasing
Summary
After hypertension, along with high blood sugar level, overweight, and a sedentary lifestyle, is among the main risk factors of death in the world. Almost 9% of deaths are attributable to smoking and 13% to hypertension [1]. These risk factors are the most important causes of chronic diseases such as heart diseases, cancers, and diabetes [1]. As the World Health Organization (WHO) reports, tobacco use is increasing in countries with low and middle income and in high-income and developed countries, it is slowly declining with a constant slope [1, 2]. The rising trend of tobacco use in poor and middle-income countries will lead to increased deaths from smoking-related diseases in the coming years [1].
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