Abstract
Thailand has been classified as one of the ten countries that are at high risk for long-term climate change due to greenhouse gas emission, directly connected with the population size and urbanization. In 2019, Bangkok has 2,070 communities, one-third are slum communities with increasing greenhouse gas emissions. This research proposes a set of potential factors influencing community engagement initiatives to achieve a low carbon community in slum areas. The case studies on four slum communities in Bangkok by qualitative research found that the factors influencing the strength of engagement and the factors influencing the community motivation to achieve low carbon communities are still low. Consequently, this research provides new guidelines with four practical activities; (1) promoting the creation of an internal community network that can contribute to trust and positive social norms (2) promoting greenhouse gas emission reducing behaviors and adjusting attitudes toward climate change issues and (3) promoting proper relationships between the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA) and the communities.
Highlights
Global Risk Landscape Report 2018 shows that climate extreme is considered the top risk of the global community (Coren, 2018)
Thailand has been classified as a country with very high vulnerability and posted the twelfth-highest risk of being severely affected by climate change, and considered one of ten countries that are at high risk for long-term climate change (Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning [ONEP], 2017), especially from the floods and storms that will result (Ali et al, 2013)
The amount of greenhouse gas emissions has a direct connection with the population size and urbanization, considering that a large amount of greenhouse gas emissions tend to come from the use of fossil fuels in the energy and transportation sectors, including economic activities, waste, and wastewater that increase according to the population. (IPCC, 2015; TGO, 2015; TRF, 2017)
Summary
Global Risk Landscape Report 2018 shows that climate extreme is considered the top risk of the global community (Coren, 2018). Thailand has been classified as a country with very high vulnerability and posted the twelfth-highest risk of being severely affected by climate change, and considered one of ten countries that are at high risk for long-term climate change (Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning [ONEP], 2017), especially from the floods and storms that will result (Ali et al, 2013). UNESCAP (2017) anticipates that floods and storms will increase in terms of frequency, violence, and damage by 2030 primarily caused by a predicted continuous increase in greenhouse gas emissions in large cities in Thailand. The report corresponds with the global emissions situation which indicates that many large cities are considered the source of a vast majority of greenhouse gas emissions, which is the consequence of the presence of migration into urban areas. The amount of greenhouse gas emissions has a direct connection with the population size and urbanization, considering that a large amount of greenhouse gas emissions tend to come from the use of fossil fuels in the energy and transportation sectors, including economic activities, waste, and wastewater that increase according to the population. (IPCC, 2015; TGO, 2015; TRF, 2017)
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