Transition edge sensors with few-mode ballistic thermal isolation

Abstract

We have fabricated Transition Edge Sensors (TESs) whose thermal characteristics are completely characterised by few-mode ballistic phonon exchange with the heat bath. These TESs have exceptionally small amorphous SiNx support legs: 0.2 μm thick, 0.7–1.0 μm wide, and 1.0 to 4.0 μm long. We show, using classical elastic wave theory, that it is only necessary to know the geometry and bulk elastic constants of the material to calculate the thermal conductance and fluctuation noise. Our devices operate in the few-mode regime, between 5 and 7 modes per leg, and have noise equivalent powers (NEPs) of 1.2 aW Hz−1∕2. The NEP is dominated by the thermal fluctuation noise in the legs, which itself is dominated by phonon shot-noise. Thus, TESs have been demonstrated whose thermal characteristics are fully accounted for by an elastic noise-wave model. Our current devices, and second-generation devices based on patterned phononic filters, can be used to produce optically compact, mechanically robust, highly sensitive TES imaging arrays, circumventing many of the problems inherent in conventional long-legged designs.