Abstract
In mammals, the transient receptor potential (TRP) channels family consists of six different families, namely TRPC (canonical), TRPV (vanilloid), TRPM (melastatin), TRPML (mucolipin), TRPP (polycystin), and TRPA (ankyrin), that are strictly connected with cancer cell proliferation, differentiation, cell death, angiogenesis, migration, and invasion. Changes in TRP channels’ expression and function have been found to regulate cell proliferation and resistance or sensitivity of cancer cells to apoptotic-induced cell death, resulting in cancer-promoting effects or resistance to chemotherapy treatments. This review summarizes the data reported so far on the effect of targeting TRP channels in different types of cancer by using multiple TRP-specific agonists, antagonists alone, or in combination with classic chemotherapeutic agents, microRNA specifically targeting the TRP channels, and so forth, and the in vitro and in vivo feasibility evaluated in experimental models and in cancer patients. Considerable efforts have been made to fight cancer cells, and therapies targeting TRP channels seem to be the most promising strategy. However, more in-depth investigations are required to completely understand the role of TRP channels in cancer in order to design new, more specific, and valuable pharmacological tools.
Highlights
Despite advances in findings and medical care for various cancers, there are still high rates of treatment failure and mortality worldwide
transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are important as calcium- permeable and non-selective ion channels expressed in different tissues and cell types in mammals and are crucial regulators of calcium, sodium, and magnesium ions
Despite advances in the detection of more specific therapies for various tumors, high rates of treatment failure and mortality still exist. These high rates depend on the ability of tumors to progress from local to systemic disease
Summary
Despite advances in findings and medical care for various cancers, there are still high rates of treatment failure and mortality worldwide This high frequency is mainly due to the powerful capability of cancer cells to proliferate and migrate. TRP channels are important as calcium- permeable and non-selective ion channels expressed in different tissues and cell types in mammals and are crucial regulators of calcium, sodium, and magnesium ions. They are grouped into six subfamilies: TRPC (“C” for canonical), TRPV (“V” for vanilloid), TRPM (“M” for melastatin), TRPA (“A” for ankyrin), TRPP (“P” for polycystic), and TRPML (“ML” for mucolipin) [1]. We report the results regarding the in vitro and in vivo therapeutic approach with different compounds that affect the expression and functions of TRP channels in cancer therapy
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