Transient Pulmonary Artery Hypertension in Holstein Neonate Calves.

Melina Marie Yasuoka,Eduardo Harry Birgel Junior,Denise Aya Otsuki,Paulo Fantinato-Neto,Denise Tabacchi Fantoni,Renan Braga Paiano,Bruno Moura Monteiro

doi:10.3390/ani10122277

Melina Marie Yasuoka, Eduardo Harry Birgel Junior + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10122277

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Abstract

Simple SummaryAt birth, calves are challenged to maintain their vital functions that were previously supported by the placenta of cows. Failures in the neonatal adaptation process can occur during this and can cause the death of neonates. The present study aimed at the invasive hemodynamic evaluation of calves during the first 30 days of life to elucidate the changes in calves during this stage of life. In conclusion, the results of this research show a transient pulmonary arterial hypertension during the process of adapting to extrauterine life.The neonatal period is a challenging phase for calves, and during this phase constant adaptations are required. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the invasive hemodynamics with the Swan-Ganz catheter in neonate calves to understand adaptive changes during the first 30 days of life. A prospective and observational study was conducted with 10 Holstein calves. Assessments of the right atrial pressure (RAP), right ventricular pressure (RVP), pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), pulmonary capillary pressure (PW), cardiac output (CO), heart rate (HR), pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), and blood gas levels were performed. The analyses of PAP, PVR, PW, HR, sO2, and arterial blood gases differed (p < 0.05) between the evaluated periods. Our results indicated transient pulmonary artery hypertension during the process of extrauterine adaptation during the first 30 days of life. This hypertension must be considered as physiological and consequent to the neonatal adaptation process.

Highlights

Parturition is a challenging period for both the cow and the newborn calf [1,2]
The aim of this research was to perform invasive hemodynamic monitoring with the Swan-Ganz catheter in non-sedated calves, in order to determine the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PW), cardiac output (CO), heart rate (HR), pulmonary vascular resistances (PVR), and blood gas levels of the cardiac chambers to understand the modifications in newborn calves in the first 30 days of life
Observed for the factors associated with the occurrence of pulmonary hypertension in calves are meconium aspiration right atrium pressure, while for the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, the result on day 1 was during cases of persistent by pneumonia, and factors to output

Summary

Introduction

Parturition is a challenging period for both the cow and the newborn calf [1,2] During this phase profound physiological changes occur [3,4,5], and adaptations to the extrauterine environment are essential for the calf’s vitality and health [6]. Among these adaptations, particular emphasis needs to be placed on those that are performed by the cardiorespiratory system that supports the profound changes that occur in blood circulation, such as the closure of the ductus arteriosus that is caused by increased blood oxygenation. Due to disturbances in oxygenation that are associated with neonatal asphyxia, the following symptoms are observed:

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