Abstract
Abstract Transient natural convection cooling in a horizontal water pipe with a convective boundary condition is approached by a numerical method considering maximum density effect and supercooling in order to understand the flow and temperature fields before the onset of dendritic ice. Numerical solution is obtained for initial uniform water temperature T0 = 10[ddot]C, ambient temperature T∞ = −10[ddot]C, Biot number 2, size parameter ga3/v 2 = 5 × 107, and Pr = 13.6. The time-dependent flow and temperature fields, and mixed mean, center point, and wall temperatures are studied, and comparison is made with photographs showing dendritic ice growth in a plastic pipe for Bi = 0.2 and 15. The maximum density effect in the absence of supercooling is also studied for T0 = 8[ddot]C, T∞ = 0[ddot]C, and Pr = 10 with Bi = 2 and ga3/v 2 = 5 × 107, or with Bi = 20 and ga3/v 2 = 5 × 106 and 5 × 107.
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