Transient increase in the levels of γ-tubulin complex and katanin are responsible for reorientation by ethylene and hypergravity of cortical microtubules

Abstract

The body shape of a plant is primarily regulated by orientation of cortical microtubules. γ-Tubulin complex and katanin are required for the nucleation and the severing of microtubules, respectively. Here we discuss the role of γ-tubulin complex and katanin during reorientation of cortical microtubules. 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), the immediate precursor of ethylene, modifies growth anisotropy of azuki bean epicotyls; it inhibits elongation growth and promotes lateral growth. The ACC-induced reorientation of cortical microtubules from transverse to longitudinal directions preceded the modification of growth anisotropy. The transcript level of γ-tubulin complex (VaTUG and VaGCP3) and katanin (VaKTN1) was increased transiently by ACC treatment. During reorientation of cortical microtubules by hypergravity, which also modifies growth anisotropy of shoots, the expression levels of both γ-tubulin complex and katanin genes were increased transiently. The increase in the number of the nucleated microtubule branch as well as the microtubule-severing activity via upregulation of γ-tubulin complex genes and katanin genes may be involved in the reorientation of cortical microtubules, and contribute to the regulation of the shape of plant body.