Transient Increase in Intraocular Pressure during a Dose-Tapering Regime of Systemic Dexamethasone in Preterm Infants

Abstract

To determine the intraocular pressure (IOP) profile during and after systemic dexamethasone treatment in preterm very low birth weight (VLBW; <1500 g) infants. A cohort study at a university-affiliated tertiary neonatal center. Twenty-seven VLBW infants who received a 3-week dose-tapering course of systemic dexamethasone for treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia were consecutively enrolled over a period of 32 months. Intraocular pressure was assessed using a handheld tonometer immediately before (week 0), during (weeks 1 and 3), and after (weeks 5, 7, and 9) commencement of the dexamethasone course. The mixed-effects models were used to evaluate the longitudinal IOP measurements at different time points. To assess the magnitude and duration of increase in IOP during systemic corticosteroid treatment. The IOP at week 1, while the infants were receiving the maximum dose of dexamethasone (0.6 mg/kg/day), was significantly higher than (1) the pretreatment IOP at week 0 (mean [+/- standard deviation]: 19.7 [+/-3.7] vs. 16.4 [+/-3.7] mmHg, respectively) (P<0.0001), (2) the IOP when the infants were receiving the minimum dose of dexamethasone (0.15 mg/kg/day) at week 3 (19.7 [+/-3.7] vs. 15.8 [+/-4.3] mmHg) (P<0.0001), and (3) the IOP after the dexamethasone course had been stopped between week 5 and week 9 (19.7 [+/-3.7] vs. 16.0 [+/-4.0], 15.3 [+/-3.5], and 14.5 [+/-3.3] mmHg for weeks 5, 7, and 9, respectively) (P<0.0001 for all comparisons). In contrast, there was no significant difference between the pretreatment IOP (week 0) and IOP at week 3, 5, 7, or 9 (P = 0.07-0.62) and in the IOP between week 3 and week 5, 7, or 9 (P = 0.27-0.75). The use of a dose-tapering regime of dexamethasone is associated with transient increase of IOP. As IOP was significantly raised during the high-dose but not the low-dose treatment period, we speculate that the physiologic or stress dose of corticosteroids commonly advocated for treatment of serious neonatal conditions should be safe and unlikely to cause significant ocular hypertension in preterm infants.