Transient heat generation in a quantum dot under a step-like pulse bias

Abstract

We study the transient heat generation in a quantum dot system driven by a step-like or a square-shaped pulse bias. We find that a periodically oscillating heat generation arises after adding the sudden bias. One particularly surprising result is that there exists a heat absorption from the zero-temperature phonon subsystem. Thus the phonon population in non-equilibrium can be less than that of the equilibrium electron–phonon system. In addition, we also ascertain the optimal conditions for the operation of a quantum dot with the minimum heat generation.