Abstract
For viscoelastic materials, the relationship between stress and strain depends on time, where the applied strain (or stress) can be expressed as a step function of time. In the present work, we investigated two temporary effects in the response of viscoelastic materials when a given strain is applied and then removed. The application of strain causes a stress response over time, also known as relaxation. By contrast, recovery is the response that occurs following the removal of an applied stress or strain. Both stress and relaxation constitute transient stages of a viscoelastic material exposed to a permanent force. In the current work, we performed several experimental tests to record the recovery in response to the total or partial removal of the strain. By observing and analyzing the mechanical response of the material to strain, we deduced that recovery is a procedure not only related to creep but also to relaxation. Hence, we created a model that simulates the behavior of viscoelastic materials, contributing to the prediction of relevant results concerning different conditions.
Highlights
In materials science, several phenomena have been characterized by defining the relationship between a force that causes deformation from the initial conditions and the material’s response to that force
The purpose of the present research is to show that rubbers exhibit a transient behavior similar to to create Finite Element Model (FEM) in a commercial software (ABAQUS) (ABAQUS 2020X, Dassault Systèmes, France)
The transient effects in natural rubber were obvious for both series of experiments
Summary
Several phenomena have been characterized by defining the relationship between a force that causes deformation from the initial conditions and the material’s response to that force. The simplest cases of deformation involve ideal elastic materials [1] and viscous fluids, whereby the relationship between stress and strain is described by Hooke’s law of elasticity and Newton’s law of viscosity [2], respectively. Viscoelastic theory provides a more accurate approximation of the material behavior in this case, as it describes the relationship between stress and strain with respect to time [3]. Owing to their mechanical properties, viscoelastic materials can exhibit complex behaviors in diverse engineering contexts. It was observed that rubbers subjected to large deformation exhibited a nonlinear behavior, and, more complicated methods were required for modeling their response. The relaxation modulus is required for modeling the viscoelastic behavior of materials
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