Transient eddy current analysis for a spiral gradient pulse

Abstract

Eddy currents are induced in the metallic structures of MRI machines due to the rapid switching of gradient fields generated by gradient coils. Several undesirable effects are associated with the induced eddy currents such as heat, acoustic noise, and MR image distortions. Accurate transient eddy currents numerical computations are required to predict and ameliorate such effects. Spiral gradient waveforms are of importance, particularly for fast MRI acquisition applications. For mathematical convenience, previously published work is mostly concerned with transient eddy currents computations associated with trapezoidal gradient waveforms; where spiral gradient waveforms were not considered. We recently presented preliminary transient eddy currents computations induced by an amplitude-modulated sinusoidal pulse in the scanner’s cryostat. In this work, we present a full computational framework for transient eddy currents induced by a spiral gradient waveform. A mathematical model for transient eddy currents involving the spiral pulse was derived and presented in detail using the circuit equation. Computations were implemented using a tailored multilayer integral method (TMIM) and results were compared to Ansys eddy currents analysis for cross-validation. The transient response of resultant fields generated by both an unshielded transverse coil driven by a spiral waveform was computed showing high agreement between Ansys and TMIM; albeit with high computational efficiency concerning time and memory. For further validation, computations for a shielded transverse coil were performed showing how eddy currents effects are reduced.