Abstract
Transient phenomena in transmission lines (TL) occur, as in networks with bulk parameters, when any change takes place in their parameters, driving sources and/or configuration. In general, the transients are caused by lightning, switching or faults in TL. Studies of transient disturbances on a transmission system have shown that changes are followed by travelling waves, which at first approximation can be treated as step-front waves. For example, when a lightning strike influences a line conductor, the induced voltage wave tends to divide, each half going in opposite directions. When a voltage wave reaches a power transformer, for example, it causes a stress distribution which is not uniform and may lead to the breakdown of the insulation system.
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