Transient behavior of the single loop solute cycling countercurrent multiplier.

Abstract

Transient behavior of a single loop solute cycling countercurrent multiplier is described by a Volterra type integral equation similar to that describing circulation of an indicator in the systemic circulation. Solution of the equation is given for pumping from ascending to descending flow proportional to concentration in ascending flow and no back leak. This exact solution is compared with an approximate solution of the integral equation and with a solution in which the flow system is represented by a finite Markov chain. Agreement between the Markov approximation and the exact solution is excellent.