Transgingival photodynamic therapy (tg-aPDT) adjunctive to subgingival mechanical instrumentation in supportive periodontal therapy. A randomized controlled clinical study.

Abstract

Recent data from preclinical studies and case series suggest that transgingival irradiation with diode lasers may represent a novel modality for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). However, at present, there is lack of data from controlled clinical studies on the use of transgingival antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (tg-aPDT) in the treatment of periodontitis. To evaluate the clinical effects of tg-aPDT used in conjunction with nonsurgical mechanical instrumentation during supportive periodontal therapy (SPT). Forty stage II and III periodontitis patients enrolled in SPT were randomly assigned to two groups of equal size. At baseline, study sites had to show sites with pocket probing depth (PPD) of ≥ 5 mm and Bleeding on Probing (BOP). Full mouth and site-specific Plaque-Index scores (PI), BOP, PPD, and Clinical Attachment Level (CAL) were recorded at baseline (BL), three months (3 M), and 6 months (6 M), respectively. The primary outcome variable was the change in the number of sites with BOP. Treatment was performed under local anaesthesia after random allocation to one of the following groups 1) Subgingival scaling and root planing (SRP) + tg-aPDT (test) or 2) SRP alone (control). Thirty-nine patients completed the study. Full mouth PI and BOP improved over six month, however without statistically significant difference between the groups. At 6 M, BOP-levels were statistically significantly lower in test sites (25.0 %) compared to the control sites (65.0 %), (p < 0.025). PPD improved in both groups with comparable mean values at 3 M (PPD test: 5.21 ± 0.92 mm; PPD control: 4.45 ± 1.36 mm) and 6 M (PPD test: 5.11 ± 1.10 mm; PPD control: 4.35 ± 1.14 mm). Additionally, CAL slightly improved in both groups with comparable mean values at 3 M (CAL test: 6.79 ± 1.72 mm; CAL control: 5.30 ± 2.43 mm) and 6 M (CAL test: 6.26 ± 1.70 mm; CAL control: 5.50 ± 2.33 mm). Within its limits, the present results appear to indicate that the use of tg-aPDT adjunctive to SRP may represent a new modality for controlling inflammation and further bleeding in residual periodontal pockets.