Transfusion of fresh washed platelets does not prevent experimental polymicrobial‐induced septic shock in mice

Abstract

IntroductionThe specific role of platelets during sepsis is not yet fully understood, probably related to the paradox of platelets being potentially beneficial but also deleterious via their thrombotic functions. ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of thrombocytopenia on septic shock in mice and to investigate whether transfusion of fresh washed platelets, either fully functional or with impaired hemostatic properties, might have beneficial effects. MethodsSeptic shock was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Experimental depletion of circulating platelets was induced with a rat anti‐mouse GPIbα monoclonal antibody. Transfusion of either wild‐type washed platelets, platelets treated with the antiplatelet drugs acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and clopidogrel, or GPIIbIIIa‐deficient washed platelets treated with ASA and clopidogrel was performed 4 h after CLP surgery. ResultsDepletion of circulating platelets negatively affected septic shock, worsening systemic inflammation, coagulopathy, organ damage, and mortality, raising the question of whether a higher platelet count could be protective. Transfusion of fully functional platelets or platelets with combined treatment with ASA and clopidogrel, with or without additional GPIIbIIIa deficiency, afforded an immediate return of circulating platelet counts to their initial values before surgery. However, transfusion of each of the three types of platelets did not prevent arterial hypotension, inflammatory response, coagulopathy, and organ damage during septic shock. ConclusionDepletion of circulating platelets negatively affects septic shock, while transfusion of washed platelets has no significant beneficial effect in mice.