Abstract
Population-based study suggests that chronic kidney disease is frequent. Almost one third of people older than 70 years of age would have a significant decrease in renal function. Anemia appears when glomerular filtration rate falls under 40 mL per minute per 1.73 m 2. Concurrently with supplementary iron, erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA) allow a strict control of hemoglobin. However, incomplete responses to ESA are possible. The following conditions — inflammatory disorders, chronic blood loss, hyperparathyroidism, surgical process, chronic diseases, adverse effects of immunosuppressive agents — may cause apparent resistance to ESA therapy. All these conditions may request transfusion.
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