Transforming Rehabilitation for Scapular Dyskinesia: The role of Modified Robbery Exercises in enhancing Muscle Function, reducing Disability, and improving Quality of Life

Abstract

Background: Scapular dyskinesia affects shoulder function, with significant implications for individuals, especially athletes. Rehabilitation approaches, including modified robbery exercises, aim to address this by improving scapular kinematics and muscle function. This study evaluates the effectiveness of modified robbery exercises supplemented with electromyography (EMG) biofeedback on muscle activation patterns and functional outcomes in individuals with scapular dyskinesia. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 40 participants (20 in the control group receiving modified robbery exercises and ergonomic training, and 20 in the experimental group receiving modified robbery exercises with EMG biofeedback). Both interventions lasted 6 weeks, with sessions three times per week. Outcome measures included pain levels (Visual Analog Scale), muscle activation (EMG), functional disability (DASH questionnaire), and health-related quality of life (EQ-5D index and VAS). Independent samples t-tests were used to compare baseline and post-intervention differences between groups. Results: Post-intervention, the experimental group demonstrated significantly greater improvements in muscle activation for the Serratus Anterior, Upper Trapezius, and Lower Trapezius (p<0.001 for SA), indicating the benefit of EMG biofeedback. Both groups experienced pain reduction and functional improvements; however, the experimental group showed a more pronounced decrease in DASH scores (p=0.002) and a notable improvement in EQ-5D Index scores (p=0.008), pointing to enhanced functional outcomes and quality of life. Conclusions: Modified robbery exercises with EMG biofeedback are more effective than traditional exercises alone in improving muscle activation, reducing functional disability, and enhancing the quality of life in individuals with scapular dyskinesia. This study supports the integration of EMG biofeedback into rehabilitation programs for scapular dyskinesia, offering a promising approach for clinicians aiming to optimize recovery outcomes.