Abstract
At present, renewable energies represent 25% of the global power generation capacity. The increase in clean energy facilities is mainly due to the high levels of pollution generated by the burning of fossil fuels to satisfy the growing electricity demand. The global capacity of generating electricity from solar energy has experienced a significant increase, reaching 505 GW in 2018. Today, multilevel inverters are used in PV systems to convert direct current into alternating current. However, the use of multilevel inverters in renewable energies applications presents different challenges; for example, grid-connected systems use a transformer to avoid the presence of leakage currents. The grid-connected systems must meet at least two international standards analyzed in this work: VDE 0126-1-1 and VDE-AR-N 4105, which establish a maximum leakage current of 300 mA and harmonic distortion maximum of 5%. Previously, DC/AC converters have been studied in different industrial applications. The state-of-the-art presented in the work is due to the growing need for a greater use of clean energy and the use of inverters as an interface between these technologies and the grid. Also, the paper presents a comparative analysis of the main multilevel inverter voltage-source topologies used in transformerless PV systems. In each scheme, the advantages and disadvantages are presented, as well as the main challenges. In addition, current trends in grid-connected systems using these schemes are discussed. Finally, a comparative table based on input voltage, switching frequency, output levels, control strategy used, efficiency, and leakage current is shown.
Highlights
In the 21st century, Renewable Energy Sources (RES) have acquired an unprecedented role [1].Governments are increasingly betting on clean energy to comply with international agreements.For example, India seeks the installation of 40,000 MW electricity generation capacity from renewable energy sources by 2022
It is important to note that the use of each of the schemes is conditioned by the requirements to be met in each application
The multilevel inverters schemes focus on reducing the total cost of ownership and the number of the switches
Summary
In the 21st century, Renewable Energy Sources (RES) have acquired an unprecedented role [1]. Inverters have been previously studied in industrial applications [31], the use of these converters in RES is a subject that presents its own challenges, trends and problems. Due to the current need for a greater use of RES and inverters as an interface for the injection of energy into the grid, the current state-of-the-art research on multilevel inverters in these applications is presented. The work is structured as follows: In Section 2, the basic concepts of multilevel inverters, the advantages of their use, as well as main standards of grid-connected systems are presented. A list of the acronyms used in this paper is presented at the end of the document
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
