Abstract
The article presents author’s propositions for shaping free forms of buildings sensitive to harmonious incorporation into built or natural environments. Complex folded structures of buildings roofed with regular shell structures are regarded as the most useful in creative shaping the free forms that can easily adapt to various expected environmental conditions. Three more and more sophisticated methods are proposed for creating variously conditioned free form structures. The first method allows the possibility of combining many single free forms into one structure and leaves the designer full freedom in shaping regular or irregular structures. The second, more sophisticated method introduces additional rules supporting the designer's spatial reasoning and intuition in imposing regularity of the shapes of the building structure and its roof shell structure. The third, most sophisticated method introduces additional conditions allowing the optimization of the regular shapes and arrangement of complete shell roof segments on the basis of an arbitrary reference surface and a finite number of straight lines normal to the surface. This original, interdisciplinary study offers new insight into, and knowledge of, unconventional methods for the creative shaping of innovative free forms, where great possibility and significant restrictions result from geometrical and mechanical properties of the materials used. Solving a number of issues in the field of civil engineering, descriptive geometry and architecture is crucial in the process of creating these structures.
Highlights
Curved metal shell roofs have been used since the Gothic and became very popular in the Renaissance owing to their attractive architectural forms and stable constructions [1,2,3]
Space grids and complete shells are combined into a single internal coherent shell structure to strengthen the shell roofs and improve their stability [7,8,9,10]
Open thin-walled steel sheets folded in one direction joined with their longitudinal edges into flat sheeting can be transformed into shell forms as a result of assembling them to skew roof directrices [11,12]
Summary
Curved metal shell roofs have been used since the Gothic and became very popular in the Renaissance owing to their attractive architectural forms and stable constructions [1,2,3]. The transformations are effective if freedom of the transversal width increments of each shell fold at its length is ensured to obtain positive static-strength work [14] Such transformed sheeting is characterized by big mutual displacements of its subsequent folds in the shell, small strain and big deformations of the fold’s flanges and webs [14,15] (Figure 1). 50 ofshaping the roof shell by means of two directrices adoptedisalmost freely, so a variety of the architectural free forms of the resultant shell roofs and entire buildings is great important geometrical and mechanical restrictions of theshell sheet’s shape transformations have to[9]. The useAnalysis of well-known conventional design methods [6,7,8,9,10,21], known from the traditional courses
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