Transformations to granular zircon revealed: Twinning, reidite, and ZrO2in shocked zircon from Meteor Crater (Arizona, USA)

Aaron J Cavosie,Timmons M Erickson,Friedrich Hörz,Nicholas E Timms,Justin J Hagerty

doi:10.1130/g38043.1

Abstract

Granular zircon in impact environments has long been recognized but remains poorly understood due to lack of experimental data to identify mechanisms involved in its genesis. Meteor Crater in Arizona (USA) contains abundant evidence of shock metamorphism, including shocked quartz, the high-pressure polymorphs coesite and stishovite, diaplectic SiO2 glass, and lechatelierite (fused SiO2). Here we report the presence of granular zircon, a new shocked-mineral discovery at Meteor Crater, that preserve critical orientation evidence of specific transformations that occurred during formation at extreme impact conditions. The zircon grains occur as aggregates of sub-micrometer neoblasts in highly shocked Coconino Sandstone (CS) comprised of lechatelierite. Electron backscatter diffraction shows that each grain consists of multiple domains, some with boundaries disoriented by 65° around , a known {112} shock-twin orientation. Other domains have {001} in alignment with {110} of neighboring domains, consistent with the former presence of the high-pressure ZrSiO4 polymorph reidite. Additionally, nearly all zircon preserve ZrO2 + SiO2, providing evidence of partial dissociation. The genesis of CS granular zircon started with detrital zircon that experienced shock twinning and reidite formation at pressures from 20 to 30 GPa, ultimately yielding a phase that retained crystallographic memory; this phase subsequently recrystallized to systematically oriented zircon neoblasts, and in some areas partially dissociated to ZrO2. The lechatelierite matrix, experimentally constrained to form at >2000 °C, provided the ultrahigh-temperature environment for zircon dissociation (∼1670 °C) and neoblast formation. The capacity of granular zircon to preserve a cumulative pressure-temperature record has not been recognized previously, and provides a new method for investigating histories of impact-related mineral transformations in the crust at conditions far beyond those at which most rocks melt.

Highlights

Granular zircon in impact environments has long been recognized but remains poorly understood due to lack of experimental data to identify mechanisms involved in its genesis
GRANULAR ZIRCON Granular zircon is of interest to studies of shock metamorphism as it is considered to represent the highest-shock-intensity morphotype of zircon, resulting from recrystallization of diaplectic ZrSiO4 glass into newly grown domains at conditions in excess of 50 GPa (Wittmann et al, 2006)
While reidite was not identified during analysis of Meteor Crater zircon, orientation relationships consistent with the former presence of reidite were found in eight of 12 grains analyzed by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and {112} twin orientations were found in seven of the 12 grains (Item DR3; Table DR2)

Summary

Introduction

Granular zircon in impact environments has long been recognized but remains poorly understood due to lack of experimental data to identify mechanisms involved in its genesis. In addition to SiO2 phases, impact melts occur at Meteor Crater (e.g., Hörz et al, 2015), no other shocked minerals have been reported.

Results

Conclusion