Abstract
The formation of transformation products (TPs) from contaminants and residues is becoming an increasing focus of scientific community. All organic compounds can form different TPs, thus demonstrating the complexity and interdisciplinarity of this topic. The properties of TPs could stand in relation to the unchanged substance or be more harmful and persistent. To get important information about the generated TPs, methods are needed to simulate natural and manmade transformation processes. Current tools are based on metabolism studies, photochemical methods, electrochemical methods, and Fenton’s reagent. Finally, most transformation processes are based on redox reactions. This review aims to compare these methods for structurally different compounds. The groups of pesticides, pharmaceuticals, brominated flame retardants, and mycotoxins were selected as important residues/contaminants relating to their worldwide occurrence and impact to health, food, and environmental safety issues. Thus, there is an increasing need for investigation of transformation processes and identification of TPs by fast and reliable methods.
Highlights
Transformation products (TPs) of organic compounds are structurally diverse intermediates
The phase I metabolites are catalyzed by cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes [12,13,14]
The current state of simulating transformation products (TPs) was reviewed with emphasis on selected classes of toxicological relevant compounds: pesticides, drugs, brominated flame retardants, and mycotoxins
Summary
Transformation products (TPs) of organic compounds are structurally diverse intermediates. They are formed by different conversion ways and occur in several matrices worldwide. The knowledge of transformation pathways and identification of TPs is important for health, food, and environmental matters. Metabolism research and investigating effects of TPs is the basis, e.g., drug development or strategies to avoid or reduce harmful TPs in food and environment [1,2]. TPs are referred as metabolites or degradation products, depending on the origin. Metabolites are formed by biotransformation processes in living organism whereas degradation products are formed by various microbial, biotic, and abiotic processes in the environment
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