Transformation processes of biogenic dimethylated sulfur compounds in the northwestern Pacific continental sea

Abstract

AbstractBiogenic dimethylated sulfur compounds, comprising dimethylsulfide (DMS), dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), and dimethylsulfoxide, play a vital role in the physiological metabolism processes of marine algae, climate regulation, and global sulfur cycles, but the contribution of each transformation pathway and the factors that control them remain uncertain. For the first time, from 27 March 2017 to 15 April 2017, the rates of major transformation pathways of biogenic dimethylated sulfur compounds and the fluxes of DMS at the sea–air and seawater–sediment interfaces were measured simultaneously in the East China Continental Sea. Rapid biological turnover times of total DMSP (0.53 d), dissolved DMSP (0.29 d), and DMS (0.43 d) were observed, indicating that DMS and DMSP were renewed more than twice daily. Bacterial consumption contributed nearly 50% of the total DMSP loss, approximately 38% of which was converted into DMS. Microbial consumption, photolysis, and ventilation accounted for 56%, 34%, and 10% of DMS removal processes, respectively. Sediment had a small but positive flux of DMS, making the sediment‐seawater interface a tiny source of DMS to the water column. Finally, although only about 10% of DMS was emitted to the atmosphere, the study region was identified as a “hotspot” for atmospheric DMS. The DMS budget model of the mixed layer developed in this study has provided a systematic and comprehensive understanding of the organosulfur cycle in continental shelf seas.