Abstract
The impact of the city of Moscow on water resources is analyzed. The principal impact is a decline in infiltration because of impervious areas, resulting in less subsurface runoff and gradual depletion of artesian water resources. The city produces an increase of precipitation by about 10% because of the presence of aerosols in the city air, producing condensation nuclei, and the surface roughness of buildings, producing updrafts. Equations for surface and subsurface runoff for the cold and warm seasons are derived. The warm season is distinguished by more precipitation and more soil moisture as well as more evaporation than the cold season. The surface runoff component is highest in the inner city because of the large percentage of impervious area. The increased surface runoff tends to accentuate streamflow fluctuations and represents a source of river pollution. The need for isolating effluents, even after treatment, is stressed, and greater use of city effluents in suburban irrigation is advocated.
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