Transformation of Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) by Permanganate

Abstract

The chemical oxidant permanganate (MnO(4)(-)) has been shown to effectively transform hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) at both the laboratory and field scales. We treated RDX with MnO(4)(-) with the objective of quantifying the effects of pH and temperature on destruction kinetics and determining reaction rates. A nitrogen mass balance and the distribution of reaction products were used to provide insight into reaction mechanisms. Kinetic experiments (at pH ∼ 7, 25 °C) verified that RDX-MnO(4)(-) reaction was first-order with respect to MnO(4)(-) and initial RDX concentration (second-order rate: 4.2 × 10(-5) M(-1) s(-1)). Batch experiments showed that choice of quenching agents (MnSO(4), MnCO(3), and H(2)O(2)) influenced sample pH and product distribution. When MnCO(3) was used as a quenching agent, the pH of the RDX-MnO(4)(-) solution was relatively unchanged and N(2)O and NO(3)(-) constituted 94% of the N-containing products after 80% of the RDX was transformed. On the basis of the preponderance of N(2)O produced under neutral pH (molar ratio N(2)O/NO(3) ∼ 5:1), no strong pH effect on RDX-MnO(4)(-) reaction rates, a lower activation energy than the hydrolysis pathway, and previous literature on MnO(4)(-) oxidation of amines, we propose that RDX-MnO(4)(-) reaction involves direct oxidation of the methylene group (hydride abstraction), followed by hydrolysis of the resulting imides, and decarboxylation of the resulting carboxylic acids to form N(2)O, CO(2), and H(2)O.