Abstract
Erbium doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Er) powder was synthesized by hydrothermal growth. The morphology changed from undoped nanorods to microrods. The effect of Er doping on luminescence properties of ZnO:Er was observed. Furthermore, annealing in air at elevated temperatures up to 700 °C results in additional modification of defect states and related luminescence properties. In particular, exciton-related UV emission band and the defect-related red emission band appear in all annealed samples. Er3+infrared (IR) photoemission, the typical4I13/2→4I15/2transition, not observed in as grown samples with low Er concentration, occurs at room temperature in all ZnO:Er samples after annealing in air at elevated temperatures. Oppositely, the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signal of Er3+is getting weaker upon the annealing at elevated temperatures, disappearing completely at about 500 °C. The intensity of theg = 1.96 EPR spectrum, typical for ZnO structures, is getting decreased and almost disappears after the annealing at 500 °C but increasing again after the annealing at 600 °C and 700 °C. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and IR Raman spectroscopy suggested that annealing in air causes diffusion of Zn from the surface to the bulk and oxidation of Er to Er3+in Er2O3and Er(OH)xforms.
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