Abstract
This study aims to convert the municipal solid waste (MSW), which include garbage and chicken manure as raw biodegradable organic waste to produce a compost in order to transform these materials into recommended fertilizer. The principle of aerobic composting method is a waste oxidation through holding these mixed raw materials with a ratio of 1:1 garbage and chicken manure in two units of composting, rotary unit and stationary unit with recommended Carbon/Nitrogen ratio C/N of 20:1 and pH of 6.5 with moisture content of about 40% by adding water during composting process and presence of oxygen naturally. The period time of composting process was 69 days to get normal temperature of compost bulk equal to ambient temperature and pH value as natural value using two composting units. The composting results during first 30 days shows the temperature values 59.5 and 55oC for rotary unit and stationary units that refers to microbial action of microorganism and decomposition of organic matter to energy as heat. The pH values were having acidic state during first week that refers to the formation of organic acids. The final compost characteristics show a C/N ratio of 20.8 and 22.275 for rotary and stationary units, respectively with a decrease in C% and N%, which refers to a successful composting process, where Nitrogen, Phosphor and Potassium NPK values were (1.428:1.719:4.508) % for rotary unit and (1.361:0.419:3.884) % for stationary unit and electrical conductivity of 5.5 and 6.04 mS/cm as acceptable value according to the recommended standard values.
Highlights
Increasing of human population and life requirements leads to a more consumption in natural resources and generation of waste
This study aims to convert the municipal solid waste (MSW), which include garbage and chicken manure as raw biodegradable organic waste to produce a compost in order to transform these materials into recommended fertilizer
The final compost characteristics show a C/N ratio of 20.8 and 22.275 for rotary and stationary units, respectively with a decrease in C% and N%, which refers to a successful composting process, where Nitrogen, Phosphor and Potassium NPK values were (1.428:1.719:4.508) % for rotary unit and (1.361:0.419:3.884) % for stationary unit and electrical conductivity of 5.5 and 6.04 mS/cm as acceptable value according to the recommended standard values
Summary
Increasing of human population and life requirements leads to a more consumption in natural resources and generation of waste. MSW consists of everyday items such as product packaging, grass clippings, furniture, clothing, bottles, food scraps, newspapers, appliances, paint and batteries [2], agricultural waste, and livestock manure. It does not include medical, commercial and industrial hazardous or radioactive wastes, which must be treated separately [1]. Solid waste management criteria involve three main stages, which are: collection at generation sources, transporting from source to sector collection sites and treatment were recycling or disposal of waste materials to reduce their impact on human health and environment [3]. Apart from being unsightly, it causes air pollution, affects water bodies when dumped into the water, as well as depletes the ozone layer when burnt, and increasing the impact of climate change [5]
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